Which level of prevention is focused on preventing disease before it occurs?

• A. Primary
• B. Secondary
• C. Tertiary
• D. Quaternary

Answer: (A)

The key idea here is how prevention is timed relative to disease onset. Primary prevention aims to stop a disease from developing in the first place by removing risk factors or boosting the body's defenses. Think vaccines, health education to reduce risky behaviors, safe environmental conditions, and preventive measures like sanitation—these reduce the likelihood that disease ever occurs. In contrast, secondary prevention targets diseases after they have begun but before they cause noticeable harm, using early detection and treatment such as screenings. Tertiary prevention focuses on reducing damage and disability once a disease is established, through rehabilitation and ongoing management. Quaternary prevention is about avoiding unnecessary or harmful interventions and medical overuse. Since the goal is preventing disease before it occurs, primary prevention is the best fit.