PHRD554 Public Health Practice Test

Malaria remains the leading infectious disease killer in poor tropical and subtropical regions. It is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes in warm, humid climates where access to prevention and effective treatment is limited. The disease frequently causes severe anemia, cerebral malaria, respiratory distress, and death, especially among young children and pregnant women, contributing to the highest mortality in places like sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia and Latin America. While other illnesses such as Lyme disease, plague, and influenza affect these or other regions, they do not produce the same level of mortality in these settings today. Lyme disease is more common in temperate areas and is rarely a major cause of death; plague is now infrequent and typically contained with modern public health measures; influenza, though deadly, is widespread rather than the principal cause of death in poor tropical regions.